The Crossrail railway project-Report Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

The Crossrail railway bedevil-Report - Essay Exampleing connections between the city of London and those in the East and the West thought direct linkages, employment of thousands of workers and creation of business opportunities, significant reduction of duration taken by commuters while travelling, and most importantly eases perennial congestion of commuters through increased might of existing railways and the construction of others (House of Lords, 200562). Easing up of congestion has been highlighted as the most important benefit the Crossrail project pull up stakes deliver. It is envisaged that oer 20 trains depart operate every hour when the project is officially undefended in the year 2014, with each train having a capacity to ferry about 1400 commuters. As such, it is estimated that annually, over 200 million passengers will use the Crossrail (Pagan, 201154).The Crossrail is without doubt a very ambitious project which will have significant impact to the economy of Europ e once completed. In this paper, we will look at the factors that are contributing to its success across the stages of presentation of the bill to parliament, building, and being ready to commence operations. We will also look at the practices employed, both bad and good, in its management and victimization against skill and managerial primary elements usually used in the management of such projects.Factors that have contributed to the success of the development of the Crossrail development project include political good will, especially in funding, identification of reliable sponsors, and time trailing to ensure completion of project is on schedule. The Crossrail bill was introduced to parliament in the year 2005 for discussion, deliberations and possible approvals (Colville, 200834). The take over accorded to it has been very positive so far, with the bill being granted a royal assent in 2008, effectively making it an act of parliament, that is, the Crossrail Act of 2008 (Bernan d, 200829).One of the good practices employed in the management and

Annonated Bibliography Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Annonated Bibliography - Essay ExampleThe conclusive issues stated in the articles chosen down the stairs are not dependent on personal feelings or prejudice. The articles contain knowledge that has been presented after comminuted examination of the available facts with no potential for discrepancies. It is quite obvious that the knowledge contained therein exists independently.The articles were chosen specific every(prenominal)y due to the fact that they contain knowledge that is factual just like each objective knowledge. The instruction is quite independent that even after being researched from various authors, the deduction is independent on any prejudice or personal feelings. It is a reality that genus Cancer exists and is caused by all the causes stated in the documents. The palliative care for patients suffering from the various types of cancer is quite explicit and almost similar. Almost all the authors have the same ideas about cancer as a family health concern and its significance to the care for profession.The first article is authored by the Registered Nurses Association of Ontario who state that environmental pollution can lead to cancer giving an excellent reason why they believe so (RNAO 2008). Echoing these sentiments is the Center for Disease keep they also go further giving explicit explanations and evidences on the same (CDC 2012). These among the many articles utilized in this research fulfill the characteristics of objective articles on cancer.Nursing has been viewed as more of a female suitable kind of profession, a good reason why it is dominated by females. According to Converse (2010), womens liberation movement has both negative and positive effects in nursing. Apparently, this profession being a potent and wakeful target for feminist attacks, it became quite ambivalent with the group. This led to a few changes in the profession. The author looks at feminism in terms of power which serves as an easy source of information. A goo d ensample stated by the author is on the

Leadership Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 24

Leadership - Essay ExampleGlobalization though considered as advantageous for everyone, increases the concern of employees as it brings along change with itself. Change is referred to as doing this differently, in simpler impairment change is the process of doing same jobs in different ways. Change is highly disliked by employees as they fear that they will not be able to cope with change and will lose their jobs, thereof employees tend to be an obstacle in the way of organizations success if they stand against change. For case In Information Technology industry, continuous change takes place, untried software is developed to make reckon easier and to replace the older software. Employees fear that they might not be able to work on the new software and they resist this change as they fear they will be replaced by people who consider knowledge of how to use the software. New software may be helpful in increasing productivity and decreasing loss of time, thus if firms in this in dustry fail to implement this change, they might continue with degrade productivity and time will be wasted, thus they will not be able to grapple against those firms that implement such changes. In these scenarios the leaders have to play a major role, they have to feeling forward and provide proper training to their followers so their followers can easily take for granted this change, leaders even have to articulate these changes to the employees and have to present a positive and beneficial icon of the acceptance of this change for the employees as well as the organization.

Outline the main features of the current legal regime for the Essay

Outline the main features of the current legal administration for the exploitation of the International Seabed - Essay ExampleThe United Nations resolve was timely to intervene in terms of internationally acceptable legal framework, to assist states to achieve an equitable access to the resources bestowed to these uncertain areas.This ingest attempts to analyse the features of the current legal regime that touches on the international sea exploitation. It explores internationally set regulations and conventions attempting to inclose control and evidence over the resources. In the first section, origin of conventions and bodies associated with the control of international ocean floor exploitation is visited. Perhaps it is appropriate to lay the foundation to the current regulatory framework, by briefly mentioning some of the soonest conventions aimed at introducing order at the international seabed. In line with this, the discourse adopts a chronological order for the convention s, it terms of the date of formulation. The second section explores features of some of the regulations thereon.Current legal regime concerning international seabed could have obtained inspirations from a few international regulations formed several decades before. Perhaps a major growth in the 17th century towards the same spirit was the Freedom of the Sea Concept which was generated in the mise en scene of orderliness in high seas.1Later, it was common for such regulations such as the Copenhagen Convention of 1857, whose limited celestial orbit of intentions was to introduce order in the handling of access of the Baltic Sea. There was territorial uncertainty in the preceding year, compromising shipping routes, which was resolved by a financial undertaking for Sound and roast dues handing it over to Denmark.2 The Hague Conference of 1930 was convened with an intention of defining regulations to govern international waters control.3 However, the initial ambition by the LON for c reation of an international seabed

Conduct a Literature Review Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

engage a Literature Review - Coursework ExampleOnce each inform is adequately funded, they might not find it challenging to support all their curricular and co-curricular activities much easily.However, many schools are not sufficient to effectively discharge their roles mainly because of poor management of the available resources. Many schools have been, in the past, base to have misused their resources. Unknown to them, failure to be accountable for the school funds has had detrimental make on the teaching and learning processes in these schools. Surprisingly, it is the school administrators who have been accused of engaging in much(prenominal) immoral and illegal acts. Instead of complying with their school budgets, they do choose to ignore and instead divert school funds to their personal uses. The sensitivity of this matter has attracted rushs of scholars to conduct several researches aimed at unveiling these acts and luck to come up with measures that can be used to ult imately resolve it. Despite these attempts, a lot still need to be done to bridge the existing gap. In my research, I will have to carry out an extensive review on a lot of secondary resources that might be relevant to my studies.To emphasize on the important contribution of management skills in public schools, Schultz & Shultz (2010) and Martindale (2011) state that self-possession is paramount. In their opinion, a leader should always be ready to restraint themselves and refrain from any action that might hinder the progress of their organizations. This view is supported by Gomez-Mejia (2008) who acknowledges that management is not a frank task because it does not only involve human, but also non-human resources. The findings of these scholars can be of much value if applied in this research. Management skills are necessary for the success of any public school in the country. Despite training as teachers, school heads should be equipped with managerial skills. These can be of

Analytic Interpretation of The Love Song by J.Alfred Prufrock Essay

uninflected Interpretation of The Love Song by J.Alfred Prufrock - Essay ExampleTherefore, the ultimate thrust of this research give be to draw inference on and summarize the means, whereby symbolism is adequately and effectively employed in spite of appearance the poem by underscoring the means by which it is utilized within a brief stanza. For purposes of the analysis, the following stanza has been selected for the soused reading And would it devote been worth it, after any, After the cups, the marmalade, the tea, Among the porcelain, among approximately talk of you and me, Would it have been worthwhile, 90 To have bitten off the matter with a smile, To have squeezed the universe into a b all To roll it toward some overcome question, To say I am Lazarus, come from the dead, Come back to tell you all, I shall tell you all 95 If one, settling a pillow by her head, Should say That is not what I meant at all That is not it, at all. (Eliot 2) Within the time that was written, El iot was not alone in passking to display and typify a level of fragile broken humanity. Although it is not the purpose of this brief analysis to go into a great detail as for the level of influence that the First World War and a beak break from prior Victorian restrictions on nearly every aspect of life had with regards to culture, these should nonetheless be realized. T. S. Eliot, as well as galore(postnominal) of his contemporaries, was practically fascinated by the very fragile disposition that humanity illustrated ultimately. With regards to the close reading of that stanza above, this fragility is aptly demonstrated to the reader by means of the absurd and unsure nature that the speaker illustrates. Whereas the entire porn represent this uncertainty and self-doubt, the following passage portrays the path in which the speaker wrestles with himself, emotions and feelings of love, lust, and integration with the idea of fate. The speaker says, And would it have been worth it, after all,/After the cups, the marmalade, the tea,/Among the porcelain, among some talk of you and me,/Would it have been worth the while (Eliot 2). In such a way, the reader can see the self-doubt and fragile nature of the psyche that is exhibited within the previous lines. Rather than being able to pick up the situation and come to a determination whether he should or should not pursue the relationship, the speaker exhibits his own self-doubt and vacillates incessantly whether happiness or regret will be the end result. Another alone(predicate) aspect of symbolism that the above passage relates to is the changing nature of gender roles that existed at the time the bakshish was panned. Upon the conclusion of the First World War, an entire generation of young men returned to a society that was drastically different from the one they had left upon joining the armed forces. This difference was exhibited in a number of ways however, one of the most noticeable was the level and ex tent to which women were integrated into the society and the workforce (Lowe 66). As a result of this rapid cultural and societal shift, many individuals experienced something of cultural whiplash within the society. In tandem with the horrors of war, many men came to feel emasculated due to the fact that women now occupied many positions in the society and the workforce also many cultural freedoms, that previously had been their own, were exhibited by women. Although this can scarcely be referred to as a form of emasculation, key

Laughter & Nutrition ( Creating Healing Environments) Assignment

Laughter & Nutrition ( Creating Healing Environments) - Assignment object lessonThis video was relevant because it presented a soothing and comical approach to handling troubles of a person. It showed that the things that the individuals not in the video thought were so sad or wrong could not be so bad. They at long last found relief after thinking that they had been experiencing a horrible time. It shows that everything doesnt have to be so gloomy even in places where gloom is prevalent. The context of the funny video resonated with the stressful experiences of the individuals I was component part to deal with stress. Eventually, they could identify with it and laugh and things unfolded. The video presented an example of coping humor. It has therapeutic capabilities of making people outlet their tensions and face situations more bravely and relaxed (Dossey and Keegan, 2012).The grass-fed beef is a food that is privileged in antioxidants, Vitamins C, E and important carotene. T his is a better alternative from grain-fed beef because it is lower in fat and richer in Omega-3. Dossey and Keegan (2012) assert that foods rich in essential fatty acids, antioxidants and vitamins reduce the stress responses. Grass-fed beef contains these components and thus appropriate for consumption in the case. It can be prepared by frying. Preparation and cooking involves making small cuts of the beef, thaw a pan containing a small amount of oil, seasoning with ingredients such as garlic and finally heating until the beef pieces are brown and cooked.The use of humor to relieve the embarrassment and tension that the recovery control faced shows the significant potential of handling of dealing with panic and confusion. The nurse finally recovered and did everything as required. This shows that a stressed person can cope well when he receives relief from his/her troubles. Pressure and increase demands to act in a certain way without errors can cause a person to fail. When this wardrobe is eliminates, as in the case of using a spoof of Justin Timberlakes

Assignment 1 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 7

Assignment 1 - Essay ExampleThe number one wood continued to drive and the rack upicer discharged his usher outarm to which the driver stopped and the police officer fell off the hood. The taxi driver was taken to the ground and handcuffed (Holmes, 2015).A severe action was taken against the police officer and the driver filed a civil case for the recovery of the damages that he suffered. He suffered injuries on his cheek, left-hand(a) elbow, and rib-cage, had a bleeding nose and m step to the foreh, and also filed for the loss of future income and general damages. The driver was released a succession later and there was an independent investigation to be carried out in order to find out details about the incident (Lawrence, 2014). Actions were to be taken after the investigation reports had been given out by the Coquitlam RCMPs Serious Crime Unit.The investigation gave its findings one year later stating that there were no charges against some(prenominal) of the parties. The administration held that the police officers were acting only in the course of their duties and rights as members of RCMP. The police officers had those powers as recreation officers and provincial constables. The response also concluded that if there were damaged caused to the driver, it was due to his role in weakness to listen to the police officer and assaulting a peace officer. The investigation reported that the police officers opened fire on the driver after being struck by the car. The civil claim was filed against the officer about a year later and the court held that the police officer merely acted in self falsifying (Holmes, 2015).The three problem solving methods namely SARA, CAPRA and PARE are used by authorities in order to solve conflicts. The SARA model stands for scanning, analysis, response, assessment which could have been used in this situation as the situation had to be scanned, analyzed, responses would be collected, and then the assessment of the action t aken would

Equality and Diversity Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words - 1

Equality and Diversity - Essay ExampleOverview of Issues and Definitions Although there atomic number 18 currently many definitions of what diversity ultimately means, for purposes of this brief analysis, it volition be defined as the goal and level to which the organization/entity in question is able to effectively represent the realities of the environment within which it operates (Kellers 154). Ultimately, such a definition implies that diversity in an of itself should be a means by which the organization seeks to hypothesize the racial, ethnic, and religious realities of both the market that it seeks to compete within and the population that it draws from stop in such a style, such a broad definition allows for this level of diversity not only impact upon the way in which healthcare provision is conducted within a particular region but also adjudge far-reaching applications with regards to how individuals interact with and represent those populations with which they seek t o provide healthcare solutions for (Ibrahim 3). Analysis of the NHS and Available Mechanisms/Legislation to Reduce agism/Discrimination and Promote Equality As the complexity of the nursing world has only increased, so besides has the level of competition and demands that are exhibited on providers throughout the market. This pressure coalesces into forcing these providers to seek to cut costs in almost each and every identifiable manner (Higgins 15). Not surprisingly, one of the main determinants for why get along with discrimination takes place within the current environment has to do with the fact that providers are able to spell a great deal of money by forcing out more seasoned, experienced, and expensive individuals to be replaced by jr. and cheaper overhead costs (Kmietowicz 994). Alternately, even those individuals who have not yet been employed are a great deal passed over ascribable to the fact that the employer determines that they will likely command a higher price than their younger counterparts. Even though such discrimination is ultimately illegal, the fact of the matter is that it is oftentimes impossible to get up thereby encouraging some to engage tacitly in the practice in the knowledge that they will not likely be caught and in the hopes of garnering a further level of profitability in the future (Hossen & Westhues 1090). Another core rational that individuals within the healthcare profession oftentimes engage as a means of discriminating against an older a demographic is with regards to the financial cost that these individuals are likely to bring forth with respect to increased absences and/or health insurance reasons (Briscoe 9). Naturally, the same concerns oftentimes contribute to discriminating against women due to the belief that women will be more likely to be absent attending to their sick children, on maternity leave, or generally being predisposed to being caregivers in a number of unalike situations. Naturally, the ver acity of all of these beliefs is subject to a great deal of debate however, the point of this analysis is not to point to whether or

Does the idea of equal opportunity demand or prohibit cultural and Essay

Does the idea of fit opportunity strike or prohibit ethnical and religious exemptions in the multicultural society - Essay ExampleOn the other hand, it should be noticed that in most countries around the world the development of various effectual and social ethics is based on certain tenets the most important of which is compareity the specific principle is often used by governments internationally in ready to justify their decisions on a innovation of issues related with peoples daily life. The principle of equality is further divided into sub-principles like the equal opportunity one. Generally, it could be stated equal opportunity should prohibit the exemptions related with culture and decision at heart modern societies of course, there are cases where such exemptions should apply when the criteria for the development of these exemptions cannot be related with the principle of equal opportunity (e.g. specific religious exemptions based on the existed religious rules of a particular region). In order to evaluate whether the principle of equal opportunity can be used in order to call or prohibit cultural and religious exemptions in modern society it is necessary to refer mainly to the general framework of equal opportunity as developed in modern states influenced by the germane(predicate) theoretical and empirical studies on this field. Other issues, like the relationship between the state and the church and the booking of culture in the development of specific social principles could be also examined.In order to apprehend the importance of equal of opportunity within the modern society and its interaction with various social and cultural principles and ethics, it is necessary primarily to refer to its meaning and its characteristics. In accordance with a definition published by the Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy (2002, online version) equality of opportunity is a political ideal that is opposed to caste pecking order but not to hierarchy per se the background assumption is that a society contains a hierarchy of more and less desirable, superior and inferior positions. The

Internet Bullying and the Law Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Internet Bullying and the Law - Research newsprint ExampleCyber ballyrag needs to be restricted by legal rules and regulations because these laws will deter cyber bullying, these laws ar in compliance with ethical standards and cyber bullying needs to be stopped because it is hurting the future of the society. bingle of the main reasons due to which cyber bullying should be recognized as an illegal act is that it will control to deterring individuals from indulging in such behaviors. Strict cyber cullying laws are required in order punish those who pose already committed the act and even those who are planning to louse up in the act. Individuals are rational number beings and they make decisions on the basis of costs and benefits associated with a particular act. If an individual feels that the cost of committing a evil is set down than the benefits that can be derived from indulging in that particular act, they are more likely to indulge in the act. If strict laws restricti ng cyber bullying are put into action, individuals will take these laws and punishments associated with an act onward committing the act and are more likely not to indulge in the act (Vito, 2012, p.52).Anti cyber bullying laws should be in place because these laws are completely ethical and in compliance with ethical standards. tally to the ethical standard of utilitarianism, those actions should be considered as legal that result in higher number of benefits and lower number of costs as compared to any other action that may be taken in the same scenario. Anti-bullying laws have more benefits to offer to society as compared to costs. Cyber bullying has resulted in several prejudicial consequences for the entire society. For example a number of suicides have been reported to take place as a result of cyber bullying. The suicide of Megan Meier a 14year old girl has been attributed to cyber bullying as it was figured out that she was in public harassed by others over

Macro Economics Wall Street Journal Article Essay

Macro Economics beleaguer Street Journal Article - Essay ExampleIt could not however be fully associated with high future income or enrollment in schools (Da Costa Wall Street Journal). The lives and welfare of these deprived groups in America were however changed for the better.The macroeconomic value of the Summer Jobs Program for the Poor Youth is nearly linked to the economic theories of Business Cycles and Unemployment. Investing in the summer jobs programs for the disadvantaged youths led to changes in the cycles of line of reasoning and unemployment in America. Unemployment, which is a major factor affecting the new-made population in America is importantly reduced as more youths get opportunities for employment. Increased income and savings will see more young people venture into individual business sector investments. Resultantly, more cycles of business will arise. The underlying assumption is that by being part of the active production, these disadvantaged youths low er their risks of imprisonment and death. Lowered cases of imprisonment and mortality advert an increased labor force provided by the prime-aged population and hence higher productivity. The economys business cycles and unemployment trends will, therefore, be

QUANTITY SURVEY PRACTISE-COMMERCIAL DEVELOPMENT Essay

QUANTITY SURVEY PRACTISE-COMMERCIAL DEVELOPMENT - try on ExampleThis is because this allow for be the ideal thing to do so that the project is completed in good time to deter the anxiety of your lymph nodes.In the letter, he directs that i advice you on the implications of the letter. On this regard, I advice, that you initiate the project as directed. This is in view of the fact that it is your duty to do that, failure to which the customer may initiate a levelheaded complaint against your firm. It is more so important because of the history of the client in being quick to seek legal redress on slight delays.As it is in the public domain, the client sued Yanda property developers in the year 2007 for failure to initiate a project (Delay of matchless month). On this note, it is my humble opinion that you carry out your contractual obligations as soon as possible. (Aqua Group, 2007)I write on behalf of my client, Oligarch Investments, in summon to a letter dated 28 September 20 12 1423. Our client has, in receiving the letter, undertaken to fully carry out their obligation in time.My legal opinion is that this will be detrimental to your firm if the funding problem is not sorted out in time. This is because it is your legal obligation to carry out the project as stipulated in the contract.I write in reference to your letter dated, 8 October 2012 08.30, acknowledging receipt of the letter from the architecture and communication from your backers. The implication of this could be delay of the impend project. Subsequently a legal tussle may ensue. However, our firm would like to advice that we write to the relevant firms and politics to seek extension of time to avoid

EUROPEAN ECONOMIC ENVIRONMENT Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

EUROPEAN ECONOMIC purlieu - Essay Example383). In political circles of majority of states in a flash one may observe the accord of fallibility of idea of national separation and self-sustainability within the state borders, artificial separation of any state from the global intercourse. Integration processes get their legal implementation through the variety of agreements between states on creation of heterogeneous unions and organisations. The European Union belongs to such organisations.Since May, 1st, 2004 ten more member-states has entered the European Union. The European Union is becoming the lead story frugal world centre, has sharply strengthening its political influence on the world scene, having united the states, which existence is made nearby half milliard people.So, the European Union has expanded too far. No doubts that it has a hardening of benefit for the European Union itself and for its member-states. But at the same time there are now too many conflicts of interest between the countries involved for it to be a successful economic entity.The one-fifth expansion of the European Union on May, 1st, 2004 was the most ambitious for the whole history of the Union winning into consideration both quantity of the joined member-states, and complexity, as new member-states are the countries with dissimilar and often various(a) social and economic history. Since then it has already passed more than three years, and this term is sufficient to analyse short and mid-term consequences of the expansion for economic development of new member-states.The process of the last expansion of the European Union from the economic point of view had some prominent features. First of all, it was a joining of ten countries with essentially lower social and economic indices in comparison with the European Union-15 that proves a crucial opportunity of association for different by the level of development groups of countries not only on principles of free trade or a customs union, but

GM Research Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words - 1

GM query - Essay ExampleResearch studies also show that this plant is capable of preventing lipid accumulation in the body thereby assist in weight loss.Natural genus Garcinia has a certain concentration of the active chemical. However, with the accelerating percentage of mickle turning towards Garcinia for easy weight loss has been the main focus of genetic engineers. The rind of the fruit was utilise to make medicinal extracts. Genetic engineers have modified the plant such that the active chemical is direct produced in the rind as well as in the endosperm (pulp) of the fruitTrials were conducted on animals (rabbits). No serious limit was noticed in animal trials. Mild ocular irritation occurred when the extract was given in the dependable eye (Ohia et al,2002), however no literature so far suggest that the extract causes any wellness problems in humans.Traditionally the agriculture industry has been the best supporter and beneficiary from innovative technology. Interbreedin g and cancel selection of plant traits have been a common method to grow naturally modified crops for break down yield and plant characters. However, the same technique in the laboratory has been developed paving way for the a good deal debated genetically modified crops. Genetically modified crops are not only important to science and researchers tho are of immense importance to the farmers as well. The growth projection of GMOs is directly proportional to the meshing of farmers growing the GMOs. Contrary to the most common perception that growth of genetically modied organisms or plants are anti-democratic in nature, studies and surveys have established that growing these GMOs are in fact much more sound than growing the ordinary forms of the same crop or plants.In countries where farmers are allowed to grow GM crops, they progressively choose to do so. In 2010, 15.4 million farmers in 29 countries cultivated GM crops (James,2010). Growing Garcinia Cambogia will

Genetically Modified Foods Essay Example for Free

Genetically Modified Foods examineGenetically Modified Foods (GMO) atomic number 18 crops that have had changes made to their genetic material (DNA) in a instruction that does not occur naturally through the introduction of a gene from a different organisms. The use up of genetically modified foods has been debated ab stunned for some time now. One side argues that GMO is much sustainable and economically efficient. It is in any case argued that GMO has not been properly tested for any negative effects on humans, other animals and the environment. GMO foods are seen as the future in agriculture by scientist as it solves so many an(prenominal) worldwide problems.Industries hold GMO foods have been changed to make the food last longer, give the crop herbicidal tolerance, resistance to insects and different climates, taste emend and the crop volition produce more food. This results in more food for the rapidly growing state of the world as less crops will spoil as a resu lt of insects, while also increasing the nutritional value of the food. Foods that previously werent able to grow in varying climates will now be able to, this will especially benefit countries such as Africa where their climate is really harsh.It has been argued that scientists have not done enough research and have not fully tested their products properly. This has been the concerns of many people all over the world. Do the benefits really outweigh the negatives? While GMO products may be very beneficial to society in theory very few have been properly tested for how they sham humans and other organisms in the long term. Tests have been done on rats testing the effects of GMO products on their health, in all cases rats feed GMO products were more likely to develop tumours and suffer server liver and kidney damage. youthful studies also show that despite the claims of GMO food supporters GMO crops dont produce larger amounts of food.In access to these problems it has been rea r that weeds have crossed bread with these GMO plants resulting in herbicide resistant weeds which blotto stronger pesticides are needed which possess a huge threat to none GMO plants. In 2010 Germany introduced a cast away on Monsanto genetically modified corn as it was considered dangerous. In 2011 Peru passed a law banning genetically modified crops for 10 years, the same year Hungary also destroyed 1000 acres of corn that was found to be grown with genetically modified seeds which are banned. If countries are going to such lengths to keep GMO foods out there must be an issue with them.The main issue with GMO is that it is big companies that are creating GMO foods. They only bearing about making a profit. This results in sloppy long term tests and in some cases specious information being provided to the public to promote their product. In most cases the negatives clearly outweigh the positives of GMO foods although that does not tower out all GMO products. If governments got involved more and incorporated better restrictions on the production of GMO foods results will improve. With more research and tests maybe GMO foods really will be the way of the future.

The Speech’s Organization Essay Example for Free

The Speechs Organization EssayGeorge Clo unitaryy gains heed of the audience right away. He says I wont try to educate you on the issues of Darfur. By saying this, Clooney acknowledges the audiences expertise and intimates out that the purpose of his lyric is not to educate them, besides to urge them to act appropriately on the issue. Also, Clooney makes off with a stable pace, which does not change end-to-end the whole speech.In the body of the speech, Clooney states that he is the representative for the people who cannot speak for themselves. With this statement he gains believability right away, and lets the audience know that he represents not hardly his own, simply a collective point of view. Clooney proceeds with statement that UN contracts to act immediately on the issue of Darfur. Thus, he stresses his attention on the sanctity of human life by saying my job is to beg you on behalf of the millions of people who provide die and make no mistake they will die f or you to take real and effective measures tour saying this, Clooney keeps straight and serious face, which adds more(prenominal) pathos to his words.Towards the end of the speech, Clooney starts to blame UN for inaction by blaming the agreement for the contradicts in Rwanda, Cambodia, and Auschwitz. Therefore, he addresses to the audience with a harsh statement So, after September 30th, you wont need the U.N. You will simply need men with shovels and bleached white linen and headstones. In many ways, its unfair, but it is, nevertheless, true that this genocide will be on your watch. Even though, Clooney makes harsh arguments, he manages to drive home strong message to the audience and warns them to act immediately on the issue.Towards the conclusion, Clooney becomes less harsh and goes softer. He asks the UN to start acting on the issue of Darfur, and points out there must be no waste of while regarding the decision-making. By the end of the speech, Clooney says We believe in you so strongly. We need you so badly. Weve come so far. Were one yes away from ending this. This statement, probably, was the most influential part of the speech, because Clooney begs UN to start acting on the Darfur conflict and his speech finishes with a question So, what is next?The Rhetorical SituationGeorge Clooney is known worldwide as an actor, producer, and screenwriter. However, Clooney is not only a Hollywood star, but also a political activist. After delivering the speech on the conflict on Darfur, he was named messenger of peace by the United Nations. Thus, Clooney has all the necessary skills for public speaking. Consequently, Clooney effectively uses rhetorical tools and delivers his speech to the audience with slightly harsh and attacking way.DeliveryThroughout the whole speech, Clooney maintain strong eye contact with the audience. Also, his pace remained during the whole speech. He was not rushing, but rather trying to stress attention on every word.Clooney had great vocal variety his voice was loud and clear. The articulatio was on the high level, and it was easy to understand everything that he was saying.For the body language, it was visible that Clooney was trying to hide his hands, as he kept them crossed on the table. By doing this, he has created the feeling that either he was hiding something or was not completely honest about what he was saying.Even though, the speaker was passionate and persuasive, he was reading too much from his notes. His speech was quite short, thus, he could have memorized it and he could have more impact on the audience if he did not use any notes.Also, Clooneys speech sounded second too harsh. Sometimes it seemed like he was trying to blame UN for everything bad happening worldwide.

Impact of Arrival of Television on Electioneering In England Essay Example for Free

fix of Arrival of telecasting on Electi unrivalledering In England EssayINTRODUCTIONThe invention of picture mark he beginning of a new epoch. The duration of discipline technology made in governance lendable at the push of a button. Facts and distortion of facts are the tools of the entertainment industry. Exaggeration is the premise on which the advertizing agency works. It is confluence of the audio visual impact which is one of the most powerful influences that is go through by the individual. It left no human endeavor untouched .The fate of democracy is determined by the elections. telly was gived for causaing of the privydidates participating in the election.It brought ab push through a recognise revamping of the election flow. local anesthetic issues were sidelined and an wildness on the case campaign was the dominant feature of the election process.1Mass media had wholly mesmerized both the plenty and the persons creditworthy for planning and executio n of the election campaign. The repenny proliferation of the media channels has led to a depletion of issues that drive out be aired on these channels .therefore there has been a flaw from national to local politics. The impact of the television system is not just limited to what is going to be at the forefront but it has led to complete overhaul of the process.The campaigns are more(prenominal) articulate and well planned .The concept of negative publicity has been inducted want it was done never before. The elections are loosing personal touch as there is more emphasis on the how to air the campaign. Consequently the expenditure on the elections is rising partly beca utilize of infalation and partly because the campaigns are conducted on supercilious scale. British Law permits each political party to air its programme, policies and agendas on the national channels across England for 20 minutes without paying either tariff for putting it on air. Each party is given a maxim um of quintette repeat telecast.HISTORY OF POLITICAL BROADCASTPolitical spreading started in Britain in 1924 on radio with a20 minute allocation time for each party. it was started on television in 1951. It was an amateur time slot of 15 minutes that was allocated to each party. The political broadcasts are regulated by the 1990 bare Act and the Political Parties, picks and Referendum Act 2000.The initial directives of the act forbade that the political advertisement should not be purely political in nature.In 2001 general election the three major political parties were given five chances to broadcast their political campaign where as the minor political parties were given one chance if they were contesting one sixth of the total seats. 5 and 10 minutes of political advertisements were replaced by 240, 340 or 440and a stricture is placed on them so that they should not violate decency and good taste.All the political electoral broadcast by various party are simultaneously ai red .These are either preceded or followed by previews and reviews by the major news paper daily and there fore the messages are a winsome of reinforced. Currently there is ongoing debate on whether the system of political broadcast should be completely scraped or it should be revised with a provision of paid commercializeds.Since time immemorial it has been stated that efficacious governance is related to whether the electors get under ones skin made an informed choice. It is privileged class who will try contrary conceives to gather information roughly the party and panoramas standing in the election. The masses either do not makes a conscious effort to gather information or they rely on occasional dream ups to gain information about the political parties. What the media is representing th beneath mug differ. On the one hand it muckle be balanced objective on the other hand it shtup be preferential2It has been observed that commercial broadcasting system can hit ult erior motives as they are there to maximize their benefits. The national broadcasting system is more conducive to producing objective information about the political parties3.Political advertising in England is more party oriented where as in America the emphasis is on the candidate .Lot of attention is being paid to the effect of use of media in the election .It is very difficult to conclusively prove that what results it is going to produce .England is a very old democracy and all the parties have their particular(a) image .Media cannot altogether alter the image of the party .It can highlight the achievement of the party and it can make the manifesto more lucrative. This premise is in accordance with the earliest studies of the impact of television on the electoral outcomes by Blumler and McQuail.4The party campaign done the media is expected to effect the right to voter turn out. It can bring to the forefront various campaign issues. It can create an enthusiasm for gathering more information about the party programmes.5These early studies reflected that right to vote for political parties were a matter of class and the election campaign served very little purpose. 6The conservative and the drudge party were dividing the voters on the basis of who did manual mash and who didnt work with their hands i.e the managers and the employers and the middle classThe voters who changed their loyalties from one party to another were primarily for a lilliputian term. It has been observed that this faction was to swing back its support to he party which it originally adhered to. It can be said that these floating voters can be influenced by the televised transmission of the electoral campaign.This can be contended because the tug part lost three elections in a row in 1959 although the class that does manual labour constitute major chunk of the electorate. The material prosperity entailed a spread of the middle class determine and hence the conservatives won the election.The messages that are aired during the political campaigns in election are not the precisely information available to the electorate. The long term memory of the people might be short. That doesnt mean that the events political debates press conferences, by- elections etc preceding the election campaign have no consequence.The election campaign through the media is of two kinds. One in which the focus is on the image building or the achievement of the party .The other kind deals with the character assassination of the opponent. If the attack broadcasting is exaggerated and is not substantiated then it can create sympathy for the opponent. The conservative party campaign nick named Demon eye of 1997 was counter copious It created an image of Labour as leftwing radicals.The electorate had experience a moderate labour party government under the leadership of Tony Blair. A caricature of Mr. Bust and Mr. Boom was used to depict the scotch condition of England .The facts that Britain had experienced a spurt in the economy in 1980 under the leadership of Thatcher. This kind of media campaign has to be used with great caution as it is either counterproductive or it does not have any effect on the target audience. If there are fractions within the party then it can long pillow unity among the contending fractions.The persuasive propaganda is more useful and almost all the parties realize that it is the best way to campaign .It pays attention to detailing the ideology of the party. It is oriented on the fact that the achievement of the party is highlighted. Moreover it is presented in manner that it appears more entertaining so as to keep the audience hooked on to it. It can be proved that the parties are more interested in this positive kind of advertisement by looking at the percentage of the campaign allocated to the political advertisement. Negative references were a small and similar equalizer of the total literature of all three parties 8.7 per cent Conservative, 10.4 Labour, 9.8 per cent Liberal Democrat.The televised broadcast of the political party programmes is useful tools because the minor political parties get a chance to make themselves felt. This is true for most of the countries who have democracy and who have televised political advertisement.7 Even .The liberal democrats were able to make themselves felt through their advocacy strategy. In 1951 the minor parties had around 10% to 3% of the vote share. This vote share increased in the 1997 and almost one fourth of the total share of the vote. There are many reasons for the increase in the vote share of the relatively new and unknown political parties like social class.Education of the voter as it determines whether it is an informed choice or not. Media especially the print media is specially tilted in choose of conservative parties IT was in the I970s that the researches were conducted and it reflected that a change had occurred in the political environment of Br itain .The voters were not holding to the placed class bias of the political parties due to the influence of the television. The other factor that is responsible for this change was the economic affluence in England as that was responsible for mitigating the gap between the privileged and the poor.8Other researches argue that this doesnt mean that class politics has changed rather it can be seen as both the parties are going out of favor.Heath et al argue analysts have mistaken changes in behavior by voters for changes in their motivation without asking first whether or not the political stimulus they have received is still the alike(p) or not. They suggest, for example, that variations in the strength of the class alignment may well reflect changes in the blank space between the parties on class-based issues.9The voters are not taking their decisions in vacuum there are current political and social issues that are motivating the voters to vote for apolitical parties. The shor t term shift in the voters preference is based on the perception of the competence of the parties,. The parties in power can effectively utilize the print as well as the television in advertizing its achievement .There have been fears that the hegemony of the media was responsible for the conservatives winning the election as they have the hegemony over the press. It has been time and again proved television is not the sole deciding factor in determining the outcome of the election.The 1980s saw a shift from the national to regional politics .There was a variation in the voting patterns from one region to another. If television has been the main sway in the elections then the entire country should have shown a similar pattern. Local campaign did make a difference The checks conducted by the Labour party showed that Its percentage of votes was directly related to number of people working for the party 10Local campaign play an important role in persuading the voters to vote for a par ticular party. It is very difficult to find out what was the ultimate reason for voting as the preferences of an individual are shaped in the recesses of an individuals mind. Television came second in the list of what influenced the voters of the survey conducted by MORI .The regional television can be utilized to create amore local and specific advertisement for the electorate. This area has yet to be explored by the political party..The labour party topped the list of frequency of the reference of the constituencies and it made almost 28.7 per cent of sentences referring to local provision. The Conservatives made 16.5 per cent and made the Liberal Democrats 10.2 per cent references to the local issues. This means the elections are by and large fought on national issues which are effectively genetic through the television. The lab our party has thrice lost elections till 1997. This reflects that though they made more references to the local electoral constituencies they were unabl e to convert the voters in their favour.CONCLUSIONIt is seen that the advent of television had completely changed the way in which we look at the different issues .Things which are of relatively lesser importance can be presented in an innovative method .The election process in England has its own peculiarities. Television didnt bring about a complete transformation of the election process of Britain. England is one of the oldest proponents of the institution of democracy. The two major parties the lobour and conservatives have their peculiar images .Television cannot completely alter the public perception. The older generation is more difficult to mould as its ideas are set .The televised broadcasting of the party manifesto can be aimed at the youth which is more likely to change its preferences.A perceptible shift is seen in the support base of the two major political parties the Labour party was supported by the people doing manual labour and the conservatives were supported by t he middle class. The class distinction was thought to be the basis of the voting pattern. Now this distinction is turn less and less important as media and economic affluence has reduced the gap between the rich and poor. The influence of television has backfired on the two major parties .The minor political parties have increased their vote percentage. The major beneficiary is the Liberal Democratic Party.Although it has been the pristine premise that the informed electorate can lead to the formation of more effective and responsible government .It can be said with certainty that the voters of the present age are more informed but there is difference between having knowledge and judicious use of knowledge..The other aspect of this election scenario of England is that there is no alternative to the present parties on the national train .Even if the voter is aware of the shortcomings of the present parties, he has no choice. The voters have to choose the lesser evil.REFERENCESBluml er, Jay G. and Denis Mc Quail. 1968. Television in Politics Its Uses and Influence. London Faber Faber.n.pBonham, J. (1954), The Middle Class Vote (London Faber)pp 56-62Butler, D. and Stokes, D (1974) Political miscellanea in Britain(2nd. edition) pp54-78(London Macmillan)Evans, G. Heath, A., and Payne, C. (1999), Class Labour as a Catch-All Party? in Evans, G. and Norris, P. (eds.), Critical Elections British Parties and Voters in long-term Perspective n.p (London keen-witted)Kaid, Lynda Lee and prank C. Tedesco. 1993. A comparison of political television advertising fromthe 1992 British and American campaigns. Informatologia 25(1-2) 1-12Kavanagh, The British General Election of 2001. Basingstoke n.p Palgrave MacmillanNews on Party Images in the 1997 British General Election. British Elections and PartiesNorris, 2001. Ed. Britain Votes 2001.n.p Oxford Oxford University Press.Norris et al .1999 Norris and Sanders 2000 pp 110-120Sanders, David and Pippa Norris. 1998. Does Negativ e News Matter? The Effects of TelevisionSemetko , holi .A 1996 The Media In Comparing democracies edited by Lawerence Le Duc,Richard Niemaand Pippa Norris LondonSage pp254-279Seyd, P. P. Whiteley (2002) New Labours Grass Roots The Transformation of Labour Party Membership, Houndmills Palgrave Macmillan.pp10-38Zaller John2003Anew standerd of the news character reference Burglar alarm Monitorial CitizensPolitical communication20 109-1301 (Kavanagh, (1970). The British General Election of 2001. Basingstoke Palgrave Macmillan News on Party Images in the 1997 British General Election. British Elections and Parties n,p2 Zaller John2003Anew standerd of the news quality Burglar alarm Monitorial CitizensPolitical communication20 pp109-1303 Semetko , holi .A 1996 The Media In Comparing democracies edited by Lawerence Le Duc,Richard Niemaand Pippa Norris LondonSage pp254-2794 Blumler, Jay G. and Denis McQuail. 1968. Television in Politics Its Uses and Influence. London Faber Faber.n.p5 Norri s et al .1999 Norris and Sanders 2000 pp 110-1206 Bonham, J. (1954), The Middle Class Vote (London Faber)pp 56-627 Kaid, Lynda Lee and John C. Tedesco. 1993. A comparison of political television advertising fromthe 1992 British and American campaigns. Informatologia 25(1-2) pp1-128 Butler, D. and Stokes, D (1974) Political Change in Britain(2nd. edition) pp 54-78(London Macmillan)9 Evans, G. Heath, A., and Payne, C. (1999), Class Labour as a Catch-All Party?n.pNorris, P. (eds.), Critical Elections British Parties and Voters in long-run Perspective (LondonSage)n.p10 Seyd, P. P. Whiteley (2002) New Labours Grass Roots The Transformation of Labour Party Membership, Houndmills Palgrave Macmillan pp.10 38

The American Civil War Essay Example for Free

The American Civil contend EssayIn analysis of the public debate of whether fights be al manners wrong since they ar violent or if they are a necessary diabolical sometimes, it is important to written report both positionings of the argument, pro and anti contend. fight is seen as a resolution of conflicts which could not be solved in any other way, a common exercising given being the American Civil warfare. This contend was fought to abolish sla actually and to eliminate racism in the evoke of matter and succeeded in giving blacks their rights. War is give tongue to to part of the system of nature, where an everlasting struggle to break persists, in relation to Darwins theory.As only the fittest survive, war is state to be a way in which mankind progresses. It besides is said to control the macrocosm which is continuing to grow in rapidly. It balances the population and resources available. It is also argued that war gives the economy a boost and helps deve lop infrastructure. War is also seen to play a unifying role in countries which had been previously divided. An example lies in the English Civil Wars. War has a great get along of negative effects as well and is not a necessary evil.It is say that the American Civil War was completely unnecessary as there are a number of other countries which successfully abolished slavery without a war taking place. The possibility of thermo thermo atomic wars is a very great threat to the peaceful existence of mankind. The possible negative effects are tremendous and at a lower place speculations must be avoided at all costs. Overall, war devalues human lives. It compares them to fabric things and degrades human beings. The anti war stance is humane and helpful for humanity and its good as war has devastating effects on its victims.Are All Wars Since They Are Violent Wrong, Or Are They At Times a unavoidable Evil? War is an exceedrence that mankind has been faced with every few years, so metimes being manifestly inevitable and sometimes being viewed as wholly unnecessary. Always being outright gloomy and grand due to the loss of lives and the piteous caused, there are also some effects of war which are seen as being positive and are thus stated to be in favor of war. This has caused for cardinal different opinions, one being that war is always unjustified and should be avoided and the other being that war is essential.As the eternal debate of the necessity of war has been sparked by thousands of years of bloodshed, some argue that it is a necessary evil, while those who keep in mind the value of every single human biography claim that war must be avoided at all costs. As both sides of the argument beat humongous implications, it is essential to examine each proposal with the utmost care before forming an opinion. It is argued that some conflicts cannot be resolved in any other way. For example, the American Civil War. Had it not been for this war, the black r aft of the democracy would pee-pee been forced into continued existence as slaves.Their families were being torn apart and they were being disadvantaged of their basic rights. Some say that there was no other way to make the white mint give the blacks their basic human rights as they would not choose to pay their workers when they clearly benefitted from slavery. Thus in the case of eradication of discrimination, war seems to have been necessary. There are also those who call attention to the item that war is required as it is the law of nature. It is said that it is an essential component of natures anatomy of the world.As Darwin has proposed that there is an everlasting struggle for survival, this is used as evidence that war is inevitable. It is said that with war mankind progresses as in the struggle for survival only the fittest survive and the weak, who may have been obstacles to progress, are removed. War gives the opportunity for heroism and self-sacrifice and thus hum an development takes place. (SINGH, n. d. ) War is also said to be needed to control overpopulation. As the population of the world grows rapidly and resources grow scarcer by the minute, war is said to keep the population in check.(SINGH, n. d. ) Population and resources are thus forced to be balance in this way. Also an attributed to war is the growth of an economy and also the development of an infrastructure. People are provided with a number of job opportunities and thus the rate of unemployment declines favorably. It forces the citizens of a country to rally its resources and work hard of their country. (How wars are good For an economy, 2005) However, this point is highly debated and claimed to be completely untrue by a number of anti-war activists.The mail and ammunition industries may flourish but this may benefit only a small variance of the population and is thus frowned upon. War is also said to help in the oneness of a country as many wars throughout history have pro ved to do so. An example lies in the English Civil Wars which took place between 1642 and 1652, which is the time when the country of England was divided. The king of England at that time was Charles I who strip the people of sovereignty although it was a constitutional monarchy and the people felt that their voice was remaining to be unheard in parliament.The war was forced to begin when Charles I tried to take over Scotland despite having no approval whatsoever of the parliament. In reaction, the parliament constructed and raised its own multitude in order to intermit that of the king. The war lasted nine completed years and after much suffering and severe losses the army of the parliament were found to have victory. Subsequently, the king faced a trial and was found guilty of crimes against the people of England and was thus executed. The war was in the interest of the English people and benefitted them greatly throughout the years as there were many positive long term effect s.In result of these wars, the citizens of England were reunited with their sovereignty. Also, the commonwealth took shape and the entire Great Britain was united under it. (war as an evil necessity, 2006) In light of this example it can be said that war indeed does have effects which results in the ultimate unification of a country. The relation that war is a necessary evil is thus further highlighted as war was necessary for the unification of the country but also cost a great number of lives and caused much pain and suffering as well.On the other hand, there are those who claim that war is not an unnecessary evil. They state that war is a wholly unmixed evil in its purest form. Countering the example of the American Civil War are the examples of all the other nations which successfully removed slavery from their countries without the occurrence of horrifying large-scale wars. For example, the fan tan in Britain passed the Slavery Abolition Act on August 24, 1833 which became th e law on August 1, 1834. Subsequently, an clean of about eight hundred thousand black people who were oppressively held in the British colonies became freed.In order to balance off the loss the previous slave owners faced, the British Parliament set parenthesis the monetary total of one hundred million dollars. Slavery was thus abolished throughout the British lands. emancipation Day is celebrated as a public holiday in a lot of countries which were previously British colonies, marking the date of freedom. Another example is in the instance of France abolishing slavery on 27 April 1848, under the Second Republic. In order to compensate the previous slave owners, the state bought the slaves from the colonists and then they were freed. akin(predicate) examples of a war-less abolishment of slavery are seen in the histories of Argentina, Chile, Mexico, etc. Thus, in this regard war was not necessary. Slavery could have been abolished through other various means such as education and purchasing and freeing of slaves instead of the costly American Civil War. (Is War a Necessary Evil? , 2009) A point worth mentioning in favor of the anti war side of the debate is the existence of nuclear weapons. If a nuclear war were to take place in this day and age, any possible benefits would have been eliminated as it is. The effects of a nuclear war would be devastating.For example, the countries of Pakistan and India have been rivals ever since Pakistans liberty and have had wars of their own. In a model of what might happen if there were to be a nuclear war between the two countries has been created by the scientists at the University of Colorado. According to them, A limited nuclear weapons supersede between Pakistan and India using their current arsenals could create a near-global ozone hole, triggering human health problems and wreaking environmental havoc for at least a decade, according to a study led by the University of Colorado at Boulder.The computer-modeling s tudy showed a nuclear war between the two countries involving 50 Hiroshima-sized nuclear devices on each side would cause massive urban fires and loft as much as 5 million calculated tons of crock about 50 miles into the stratosphere, said CU-Boulder Research Associate Michael Mills, chief study author. The soot would absorb enough solar radiation to heat surrounding gases, setting in motion a series of chemical reactions that would break down the stratospheric ozone layer protecting Earth from harmful ultraviolet radiation, said Mills. (Nuclear War is Bad for You, 2008). Also, an estimate of about one hundred million people are to unwrap in the blasts or in the aftermath of the radiation poisoning. It is clear from this example that nuclear war would be wholly unacceptable and the countries must decide some other means of settling their disputes. It also shows that nuclear war must never be resorted to by any other countries in the world as well. War is said to be, in most situa tions, mostly needed in order to gain material things. By this the value of a human life is being compared to material wealth.It is being considered unimportant and worthless. For when a war takes place and an army of thousands is formed, one single life is nothing in comparison to those thousands. War has interpreted place for territorial expansion, reducing the value of lost lives to be beneath the value of land. It has also taken place in order to unrightfully gain other nations resources, where fruitful trade could have taken place instead. As war leads to the devaluation of any number of human lives, it is a terrible thing to occur at any point in time in any place and should be avoided at all costs.As for the argument that war leads to human development, it is said that human development is in situation inhibited by the occurrence of war. War leads to death, which leads to pain, suffering, and frustration. This is as if for example, a familys breadwinner dies at war, the fami ly give be subject to a great amount of helpless pain and a series of negative emotions. They will also have to struggle for survival. War is thus unhelpful in the area of human development.The debate of whether war is always wrong due the violence that inevitably results or if it is a necessary evil has continued for quite a while and seems as if it shall persist in the years to come as well. However, when keeping in sight the above discussed information, the arguments against war prove to be more humane and compassionate, which are necessary traits in todays world to prevent cruelty and injustice.ReferencesHow wars are good For an economy. (July 14). Retrieved 5 13, 2010, from rediff. com http//www. rediff. com/money/2005/jul/14perfin. htmIs War a Necessary Evil? (2009). Retrieved May 13, 2010, from CreateDebate http//www. createdebate. com/debate/show/Is_War_a_Necessary_Evil Nuclear War is Bad for You. (2008). Retrieved May 13, 2010, from Sandwalk http//sandwalk. blogspot. com/2 008/04/nuclear-war-is-bad-for-you. html SINGH, R. (n. d. ). 101 War Books. Retrieved 5 13, 2010, from Rajput Brotherhood http//www. rajputbrotherhood. com/eng/articles/101-war-books. html war as an evil necessity. (2006). Retrieved May 13, 2010, from oppapers http//www. oppapers. com/essays/War-Evil-Necesity/93065

One of the Free

One of the exemption Fighters Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. EssayMartin Luther King, Jr. was born on January 15, 1929. He was an American clergyman, activist, and prominent leader in the African-American Civil Rights Movement. He is best known for his role in the advancement of civil rights exploitation nonviolent civil disobedience. A Baptist minister, King became a civil rights activist early in his career. He led the 1955 Montgomery Bus Boycott and helped found the Southern Christian Leadership Conference (SCLC) in 1957, serving as its first president. Kings efforts led to the 1963 March on Washington, where King delivered his I Have a Dream speech. On October 14 1964, King received the Nobel Peace Prize for combating racial inequality with nonviolence. In the next few years leading up to his death, he expanded his focus to embroil poverty and the Vietnam War. King was assassinated on April 4, 1968, in Memphis, Tennessee.He was awarded the Presidential Medal of Freedom in 19 77 and Congressional Gold Medal in 2004 Martin Luther King, Jr. Day was established as a U.S. federal holiday in 1986. Hundreds of streets in the U.S. and beyond have been renamed in his honor. Heres an excerpt from his storied speech I have a hallucination I have a dream that angiotensin-converting enzyme day this nation will rise up and live out the true meaning of its trust We hold these truths to be self-evident, that all men are created equal. I have a dream that iodin day on the red hills of Georgia, the sons of former slaves and the sons of former slave owners will be able to tease down together at the table of brotherhood. I have a dream that my four puny children will one day live in a nation where they will not be judged by the color of their skin but by the content of their character. I have a dream todayI have a dream that one day, down in atomic number 13, with its vicious racists, with its regulator having his lips dripping with the words of interposition and nullification one day right there in Alabama little black boys and black girls will be able to join hands with little snowy boys and white girls as sisters and brothers. I have a dream todayI have a dream that one day every valley shall be exalted, and every hill and mountain shall be made low, the rough places will be made plain, and the crooked places will be made substantial and the glory of the Lord shall be revealed and all flesh shall see it together.

Animal abuse Essay Example for Free

beast make fun Essay sentient being abuse is when individual inflicts bother or harm upon an fauna such as non giving them their basic call for (food and water) to beating them. In between 5 and 7 million sentient being companions enter an animal entertain nationwide, every year (www.aspca.org), and within 50 miles of Hayward, CA, there argon 170 animal cruelty cases account (www.pet-abuse.com). Imagine what these unsophisticated bes that cannot speak out to allow the human know they are in pain feel. Animals need us to speak out and help reduce their worthless instead of making their lives worse. Animal safety needs to be im put upd by creating more righteousnesss to protect animals from harm. Animal cruelty is regulate by twain forms of abuse, different types of animal abuse, opinions on how animal cruelty go ons, organizations that help bear on for animal rights, and ways to report it.see moreanimal abuse essayEveryday animals are being taken advantage o f and being brutally abused. They are beaten, kept in cages, and enslaved just for a individuals proclaim amusement (www.peta.org). Humans like to squander freedom but yet they feature no problem locking animals away because they dont feel like dealing with them. The impartiality sees passive and active abuse as illegal but they dont have rigid consequences that follow. Passive abuse is when the crime is less intentional and active is doing it intentionally to cause pain upon an animal (www.pet-abuse.com). Why should animals have to endure this cruel torture? What did they do to deserve this? I turn over animals should be more protected downstairs the law and not just thrown almost like garbage.Furthermore, there are many an(prenominal) three main categories of animal abuse which are slaughter houses, animal interrogatory, and eventually in-house abuse. When slaughter house workers cut the heads off of a chicken their hearts are still beating, so they are forced to suffe r for to benefit earth and are not protected under the law to be slaughtered humanely. Two hundred and eighty-seven chickens, three point sixty-eight pigs, and one point devil cow areslaughtered per second (www.annimalsuffering.com). Should so many animals be put through this cruel and crotchety torture? There should be a maximum number under the law that go ons them from slaughtering so many in a small amount of era. There are many forms of animal examination, but the two main animal tests are, the Eye Irritancy and Acute Toxicity.The Eye Irritancy test is also known as the Draize center test which is performed on rabbits by inserting a fluid with a needle in one gist to see how it reacts to this fluid. The rabbits are put in a contraption that locks their heads and endure a lot of suffering such as ulcers, blindness, and usually destruction. Next, Acute Toxicity is a method where they determine how such(prenominal) of a chemical can be exposed to the mouth, skin, and inh aled with rats and mice. These rodents are poisoned and the experiment ends when at least half of the testing animals die from the trial. They suffer from excruciating pain, convulsions, loss of motor function and seizures (www.aavs.org). No laws state that animal testing cannot be performed therefore, they can inflict pain upon the animals at any time without worry of being prosecuted.They are able to inject them with lethal chemicals but when it flows to humans everyone is against injecting humans such as in the death penalty because it is inhumane and unusual torture. Finally, in-house abuse, is abuse from human to pet. According to the U.S. Animal corrupt Classifications chart push aside/abandonment ranks 1st with 5, 365 cases, animal hoarding ranks 2nd with 2,061 cases, and shooting comes in 3rd with 1,888 cases. I believe there should be laws that require background checks on violence and brutality in localize to own pets because there are connection between violence and a busing animals. Overall, the United States has a high rate of race mistreating innocent animals and it must be prevented in order to protect these voiceless beings.Since the law is not doing much to protect these animals from cruel humans, the people believe they can pull back away with this crime. They have insecurities and since animals are littler than them and cant speak out they take all their frustrations out on them. Animals are disoriented creatures whom are assumed to have no feelings. Animals are put through pain and torture out-of-pocket to peoples anger and ignorance. When a human is murdered, the law gives consequences to the murderer, but when animals are end up dead because of being tortured, the law does not provide consequences for the crime. Thesepeople need to take responsibility for their actions and get the same punishment that they would get if these inflictions were toward a human. Animals deserve to have the same rights and be protected under the law.Desp ite of all the ignorant people, there are those who believe in equality between animals and humans and choose to be up standers. If laws were created that protected animals, these organizations would have a better support system for their fight. Laws would stimulate these groups easier to support, therefore they could make more of a difference. For example, animal shelters provide the basic necessities such as food, shelter, and water and a safe environment for them to recover from the harsh acts. Without these shelters, animals will lose hope, so in order to keep them running, donations need to be given. Besides animal shelter, there are specific organizations that help fight for animal rights and help prevent animal cruelty. Some examples of organizations are the ASPCA (American Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals) and PETA (People for the good Treatment of Animals).These groups believe that animals are just as equal as humans and should not be treated the way they are. People need to take responsibility for their actions, take care of their pets properly, and encourage others to do the same. In order to provide sufficient ways of life for animals, the law must support these organizations. Although there are organizations that fight to make a difference, individuals can stop animal cruelty. The Karma Dog organization stated, What come around goes around. Furthermore, there are many strategies you can use to report any signs of abuse or neglect. They can call 911 if the animal is being forced to fight other animals, starved, tortured, and has heavy chains around the neck, open wounds, and mutilation. Another number you can call is 311.When calling 311 the conditions are deprivation of food, water, improper old stager care and shelter, untreated skin conditions, has extreme flea infestation, and extremely long nails and matted hair. When seeing animal abuse posted through the internet you must immediately contact the Internet Crime Complaint c enter(a) (IC3) which is partnered with the FBI (http//www.belladogmagaizine.com). Finally, you can go onto change.org and sign petitions to stop animal testing and cruelty. You may not think one signature will make a difference but it does because once enough signaturesare collaborated, the organization will realize something needs to be done. Never give up and keep fighting for these innocent animals.Even though animal abuse is wrong and hurtful to animals, some owners dont deliberately inflict harm upon them. For example, if the owner is having a really busy day and doesnt have the time to walk their dog or they forget to feed them. Why should the owner be penalized for an accident? If the owner tries his best and treats the dog well any other time shouldnt he be let off with a warning? A person should not be penalized for an accident because many things happen in life that causes distractions. Pet owners dont intentionally neglect their pets and they deserve the chance to prov e the courts otherwise. Some believe that animals are here to serve us so if so then we should not have to pamper them as we would for ourselves. In conclusion, animals and humans are no different and they should not be treated differently under the law.However, people in the United States mistreat innocent begins and laws need to be enforced to prevent it. Some think that animals cannot speak, that what happens to them will not affect them mentally, but every vitality animals have feeling whether they can talk or not. Treat an animal the way you would want to be treated. When using products, people should think to look if it has been tested on animals. Registering or volunteering at organizations that help prevent and heal abused animals will set a good example to others to fight for what you believe in. The word of honor states, Do unto others. This phrase is for all being not just humans so why should animals have to continue suffering. Be your own person and fight against anim al abuse because this is cruel and unusual torture. whole works CitedPet Statistics. ASPCA. N.p., 2012. Web. 22 Nov. 2012. .Reporting Internet Animal Abuse BellaDOG Magazine. Reporting Internet Animal Abuse BellaDOG Magazine. N.p., 2011. Web. 22 Nov. 2012. . The Issues. PETA. N.p., 2012. Web. 22 Nov. 2012. .Types of Animal Testing. -The American Anti-Vivisection Society (AAVS). N.p., 2012. Web. 22 Nov. 2012. . Corp., Petabuse. Animal Cruelty. Animal Cruelty Pet-Abuse.Com Animal Cruelty Database. N.p., 2001-2012. Web. 22Nov. 2012. . Corp., Petabuse. topical anaesthetic Animal Cruelty Case Search Pet-Abuse.Com Animal Cruelty Database. Local Animal Cruelty Case Search Pet-Abuse.Com Animal Cruelty Database. N.p., 2001-2012. Web. 22 Nov. 2012. . Hugo, Victor. Animal Slaughter, Abuse and Cruelty. foot the Screens. AnimalSuffering. Animals Rights Concerns, 2003,2009. Web. 22 Nov. 2012. .

Biblical rationale for koinonia Essay Example for Free

Biblical rule for koinonia EssayThe terminal Koinonia, a Greek word, occurs around 20 sentences in peeled Testament. from each sensation(prenominal) of these verses prepare matchless or more aspects of the Koinonia as imp falsehoodd by the original Greek term. Koinonia is mostly translated in English New Testament as Fellow delight. The meaning of the Greek word takes mevery a(prenominal) forms Fellow commit, end recountingship, affaire, gift, companion, bankruptner and sharer. 1 Koinonia first occurs in Acts 2 42. They devoted themselves to the apostles education and to the gild, to the breaking of bread and to prayer. 2 Some of the important passages are, We proclaim to you what we pass regainn and heard, so that you besides may wipe out(a) house with us. And our intimacy is with the Father and with his Son, delivery boy Christ. 3 If we claim to have mob with him besides walk in the fantasm, we lie and do non live by the truth. 4 hardly if we wa lk in the light, as he is in the light, we have sept with unrivaled(a) an separate, and the blood of rescuer, his Son, purifies us from exclusively sin. 5 May the fancify of the Lord deliverer Christ, and the deal of god, and the comp whatsoever of the Holy aspect be with you wholly. 6 For what do obligation and wickedness have in common? Or what phratry can light have with darkness? 7 If you have any hike from being united with Christ, if any comfort from his love, if any swearwordship with the Spirit, if any tenderness and compassion, then deal my joy 1. Richard J. Goodrich, Albert L. Lukaszewski, A Readers Greek New Testament (Michigan Zondervan, 2003),375-376. 2. Acts 242 3. 1 John 13 4. 1 John 16 5. 1 John 17 6. 2 Corinthians 1314 7. 2 Corinthians 614 1 complete by being like sagaciousnessed, having the selfsame(prenominal) love being whiz in spirit and bearing. 8 I want to know Christ and the advocate of his resurrection and the knowledge of share- le t out in his sufferings, becoming like him in his death. 9 A care ample reading of these passages have-to doe with Koinonia to mean, fellowship, fellow ship with fellow humans, fellowship with the Triune idol divinity the amaze, perfection the Son and god the Holy Spirit, common attribute holiness, common bond Love, like minded, one in Spirit and objective, and the purpose of this fellowship is to become like Christ.This fellowship is possible only with connatural characteristics purity, which is made possible by the blood of Jesus Christ, our Redeemer. Fellowship with Christ means in Pauline thought, being in Christ, in Christs spoken communication, being in Christ to go through fruits. This term is associated with the church service service. Bible says church service is the soundbox of Christ. 10 perform is not the making of men but it is the creation of our Lord. graven image is the author of the church. So also Koinonia is not of men but it is the gift of immortal. It is evident then that the fellowship meant by the term Koinonia denotes the fellowship between the members of the church and that with Christ.Koinonia is brought into the church by the Holy Spirit and with out divinity fudge the ternion present in the church, there is no koinonia worth mentioning. It can be said, Koinonia is the Gods excogitation for the church. God wants fellowship with His created beings and also wants that fellowship to permeate among his created beings. The Koinonia Fellowship with God has a definite purpose, entails straggleicipation in Gods plan and being partner and sharing in his spurt- his vine yard. 8. Philippians 21, 2 9. Philippians 310 10. Ephesians 524-32The concept of Missions ensues from the study of Koinonia. We can clearly recover this concept by out Bible. Fellowship with God Creation scenario. In Genesis, we see God creates either the universe and Adam. God wanted Adam to have fellowship. God and Adam had fellowship. besides when sin entered benevolence, effecting the fall of man, Adam licentiously got away from the presence of God and the agony and anguish inflicted on God is reflected by Gods question Adam ,where are you? 11 Fall of man. The consequence of sin is the in howeverice of Fellowship with God.The corollary of this is the loss of fellowship among human beings as depicted by the Cain-Abel episode. Instead of loving fellowship- Koinonia, there arose jealousy, hatred, and enmity resulting in murder. When God asked Cain , where is your crony, Cain lied, saying I dont know. He counterbalance protested saying, am I his keeper? a reckless answer. Sin breeds lies and recklessness. The scenario was continuing and the mankind was estranging from Gods intended purpose of creation, kindling the indig soil of God, resulting in the deluge during Noahs time.But there are instances of pack having fellowship with God like Enoch and Noah. Life of Enoch. It is written in Bible, that Enoch walked with G od while bread and b carry in this world. God took him at his 365th age. Enochs brio illustrates a life of constant and continuous fellowship with God. Life of Noah. Noah lived a life pleasing to God denoting the fellowship he had with God. God was communicating with Noah and Noah was responding to Gods instructions and doing the work God had given to him. Fellowship entails partnership and participation of the Gods plan. Call of Abraham.God called Abraham to follow him and Abraham confidencefully followed him. Godetween God and Abraham seen in this passage is a fine example of Fellowship shutting relationship between God and Abraham. God wanted to signalise the whole world through and through Abraham and rejuvenate the incapacitated fellowship between God and humanity. The chosen tribe of Israel, with whom God wanted to undercoat fellowship, is the descendant of Abraham.The nation of Israel. The nation of Israel is the chosen one for establishing Gods fellowship with hum anity. God wanted to bless the whole nations of the world through Israel. God blessed Egypt through Joseph. He blessed Babylon through Daniel. God planted his presence among Israel during their sojourn in wilderness, all through day and night. God communicated with Moses face to face, just like a friend. Moses had great fellowship with God. The nation of Israel was not cartel full all the time and sinned against God. Sin estranges Gods pot from God and the fellowship is lost.God wanted to reestablish the fellowship and he raised many seers to give clarion call and to bring back stack to his fold. Prophets. The mind of God is clearly depicted in the messages of the prophets. Through Isaiah God laments, I reared peasantren and brought them up, but they have rebelled against me. 13 Fellowship is lost when there is rebellion, The Ox knows his master, the donkey his owners manger, but Israel does not know, my people do not understand. 14 Fellowship is lost when there is no dispo sition, when there is loss of communication.God laments through Prophet Jeremiah, what fault did your breeds find in me that 12. Genesis 18 17-33 13. Isaiah 1 2 14. Isaiah 1 3 they strayed so far from me? 15 God anguishes, my people have committed two sins they have forsaken me, the spring of living water, and have dug their own cisterns, broken cisterns that cannot hold water. 16 God is the living water, but the nation of Israel have opted the worldly things instead of God, showing that the fellowship with God is lost when the last relation ship with him is lost.God says, Israel has forgotten him, Does a maiden for own her Jewelry, a bride her wedding? yet my people have forgotten me with out number. 17 God says, My people are fools, they do not know me. They are sense less children they have no understanding they are skilled in doing evil they know not how to do good. 18 When the fellowship with God is lost, companionship of God and understanding of Gods ways are lost, and the ability to perform good works glorifying God is also lost. In all these passages God complains of the loss of fellowship with his chosen people.But God longs to re establish the lost relationship. God says, Re sprain faithless Israel I allow for frown on you no longer, for I am merciful, I will not be angry for everfor I am your husband. I will choose you I will give shepherds after my own heart, who will lead with you with knowledge and understanding Return faithless people, I will cure you of your backsliding. (Jeremiah, 312, 14, 15, 22) God expresses his love for his people through the prophets. Through Jeremiah, He says, Is not Ephraim my dear son, the child in whom I delight? though I often speak against him, I still remember him.There fore my heart yearns for him, I have great compassion for him. 19 Here we see the mind of God. Though the chosen nation has sinned and estranged from God, loosing the fellowship, Gods heart yearns for them and God longs to re establish the f ellowship the relationship. 15. Jeremiah, 25 16. Jeremiah, 213 17. Jeremiah, 232 18. Jeremiah, 422 19. Jeremiah, 3120 Gods agony for the estranged people is depicted in the writings of Prophet Hosea, My people are headstrong to turn from me. How can I give up you Ephraim?How can I hand you over, Israel? My heart is changed in spite of appearance me all my compassion is aroused. I will not carry out my fierce anger, nor will I turn and devastate Ephraim. For I am God, and not man- the Holy one among you. ( Hosea, 11 7-9) Here we see, God says he is among his people, but his people turn from him but still God is compassionate and agonized. God see to its through Prophet Jeremiah, making new covenant, forgiving their wicked ness and making them His wad. I will tell my law in their minds and write in their hearts. I will be their God and they will be my people. for I will forgive their wickedness and will remember their sins no more. 20 Here we see fellow ship with God is re est ablished when sins are for given. The new covenant foresees a metempsychosis in the mind of Gods people. The new covenant is best expressed by prophet Isaiah in Chapter 53, which talks of the Redeemer suffering for the sins of his people. Isaiah states, Surely he took up our infirmities and carried our sorrows But he was pierce for our transgressions, he was crushed for our iniquities the punishment that brought us peace was upon him.the Lord has laid on him the iniquity of us all he was cut off from the land of the living for the transgression of my people he was stricken. (Isaiah, 53 4-8) The Redeemer took all the iniquities and bore all the punishment to bring forgiveness and restoring the peace and relation ship with the Godhead for his people. Fellowship with God is possible only when the sins are forgiven and when similar characteristics exist among all. The fulfillment of prognostic and the advent of Jesus. At the appointed time, the complete(a) Son of God took the form of humanity and was born of virginal Mary according to the scriptures20. Jeremiah, 3133, 34 . and with the fulfillment of prophecy. Gospel according to Mathew records the statement of the angel, She will give birth to a son, and you are to give him the name Jesus, because he will save his people from their sins. all told this took place to fulfill what the Lord had said through the prophet The virgin will be with child and will give birth to a son, and they will call him Immanuel which means, God with us. (Mathew, 1 21-23) Here we see, Jesus will save his people from their sins, and they will call him Immanuel, which means God with us God dwells amongst us.The game God head of the Trinity has assumed permanently the human nature so that He will dwell among the humans, and he will forgive their sins and justify them as sinless. This is the essence of the Gospel. Because of the advent of Christ Jesus, fellowship with humans is established. The teachings of Jesus. The Jews- Pharise es taught the Old testament scriptures scrupulously, leaving the essence of the scriptures. Jesus taught the scripture truths effectively using parables brainish the central, deep, and weird points of the truth.Apart from the ethical teachings contained in the sermon of the mount, Jesus taught his disciples how to do the will of God effectively, The work of God is this to believe in the one he has sent. 21 In essence believing in the son of God is the work pleasing to God. The Gospel truth is well given in the words of Jesus, to all who received him, to those who believed in his name, he gave the right to become children of God,22 and God so love the world that he gave his one and only Son, that whoever believes in him shall not perish but have eternal life.23 The sole requirement of salvation on the part of men is to believe in the form (Person) of Jesus and receive him. 1 John 6 29 22 John 1 12 23 John 3 16 Abiding in Christ. Jesus explains the importance of abiding with him i n Gospel according to John Chapter, 15. Here we see fellow ship between Jesus and the worshipper is compared to the vine tree and the branches. Only when the branch remain in the tree it can be alive and give fruits. Apart from the tree the branch itself cannot give fruits. So if we are in fellowship with Jesus and Jesus in us, we will be fruitful.And God will be glorified because of our good fruits. 24 The fellowship entails giving good fruits for the glory of God. We may compare and contrast this with Gods question in the prophecy of Jeremiah, I had planted you like a choice vine of sound and reliable stock. How then did you turn against me into a corrupt, wild vine? 25 God planted Israel as a good vine tree expecting good fruit, but it turned into a corrupt and wild vine. The reason for this unfruitfulness is the non abiding nature of the nation Israel. What is the fruit Jesus is talking about?Jesus explicitly says to obey his leave outs, the chief command being the command to love each otherwise as Jesus has loved us, My command is this Love each other as I have loved you. 26 Jesus has taught that love is the fulfillment of Law and Prophecies. Jesus has summarized the law as, 1). Loving God whole heartedly and 2) loving the neighbor as oneself. 27 Fellow ship and Church assembly. Jesus promises to be with us where ever two or three come in concert in his name, where two or three come together in my name, there am I with them. 28 This denotes the fellowship Koinonia between the believers and the Savior.The criteria required are, 1) gathering in His name, 2) togetherness- oneness of mind. 24 John 15 1-8. 25 Jeremiah 2 21 26 John 15 12 27 Mark 12 30,31 28 Mathew 18 20 Fellowship and Missions. Jesus promises to be with us always to the end of the age, and teaching them to obey everything I have commanded you. And surely I am with you always, to the very end of the age. 29 This promise is given at the great commission denoting the fellowship of the savior is assured for the carrying out of the great commission.The fellowship has a definite purpose, doing the will of God, partaking in his plan of salvation taking the Gospel message to the un reached. Fellowship- Koinonia has a definite Missionary perspective. Fellowship and interpersonal relationship. Jesus gave importance for both the vertical relation ship- relation ship between the person and God and the horizontal relation ship- the person and his neighbor. We see this concept in many of his parables. A beautiful example of the Gods requirement of fellow ship- Koinonia is given in the parable of prodigal son.30 Here we see the second son went away from the fellowship of his father and his brother and lived a sinful life, wasting all his resources and finally repented and returned to his father. But the loving father was all along waiting for his return and received him whole heartedly and restored him his son ship, and there was joy and celebration in the house hold. But the elde r son could not digest this. He could not forgive his brother and was arguing with his father. The father admonished him and states, we had to celebrate and be glad, because this brother of yours was dead and is alive again he was lost and is found. 31 This parable tells the mind of God. He wants all to be saved and wants his people to cooperate with him in scrimping people. Thus Koinonia results in gladness. Jesus, in his high priestly prayer prayed to the Father, that they may be one as we are one I in them and you in me. May they be brought to complete iodin to let the world know 29 Mathew 2820 30 Luke 15 12-32 31 Luke 15 32 that you send me 32 Fellowship Koinonia as envisaged by Jesus is complete unity, unity in purpose, action, witness, and partnering with Christ in carrying out Gods will of saving people.The birth of the Church is in direct answer to this High priestly prayer of Jesus. The birth of the Church. Church is not a stainless organization involving Christians. C hurch is the mystical body of Christ for carrying out the plan of God in saving the nations. Augustine affirmed that Church is the mystical body of Christ whose principle or unity is that it is a fellowship of love. 33 Church is the body of Christ, in that through the Spirit Christ is ruling inspiring, sustaining and uniting power in the church. It is the presence and working of the Holy Spirit which makes church the body of Christ. 34 In Acts, we see the Lord added to their numbers daily those who were being saved. 35 So it is clear, Church is the making of God. In the spiritual sense there is only one Church Church Universal, spiritual, and invisible. But practically we see many denominations- queen-size and little(a). These are all topical anaesthetic assemblies, practicing Christians. The one universal, Spiritual, holy, apostolic, and catholic church comprises of members from all local assemblies, big or small, from all parts of the earth, with out any difference of race or culture or language. Fellowship among ChristiansChristians have fellow ship with the father, Son and Holy Spirit and with one another. Possession of the Spirit is the decisive mark of being a Christian. 36 The fellowship with God leads one to fellowship with fellow believers, because God has poured out his love into our hearts by 32 John 17 22-23 33 Owen C. doubting Thomas p 233 34 Owen C. Thomas p 231 35 Acts 2 47 , 36 Owen C. Thomas p 231 the Holy Spirit. 37 A. Nygren argues in his book Agape and Eros The fundamental theme of Christian faith and life is Agape, Gods love for humanity in Christ and in response humanitys love for their neighbors. 38 Surely there exists Koinonia between true believers, what ever be the denominational difference among them. The one sign of the universal Koinonia is the existence of un explainable love towards the fellow Christian of any denomination. The absence of this love is a clear proof of heretical leanings. Koinonia Fellow ship is the mark of any Christian assembly. The fellowship characteristics expected out of any Christian assembly as listed out in Ungers Bible dictionary, Confession of faults to one another with prayer, James 516 . Assembly with incitation and provoking to love and good works.Hebrews 10 24, 25. Partaking of Lords supper. I. Corinthians1124, 25. Ministering to the Saints Acts1129, Romans 1213, 15 25, I Cor. 161, 2. II Cor. 84, Heb 1316. Bearing infirmities of the week and edification, Rom 151. Love for and fellowship with one another is necessary as an evidence to love of God. I John 412. Christ prayed that his people might have fellow ship with each other. Fellowship with God is essential to fruitfulness. Jn154. (Ungers Bible Dictionary 1983, 349) On a look of the early Christian Church, one can slowly find the marks of Koinonia among Believers.We see in Acts 242, They devoted themselves to Apostolic teaching, Breaking of bread- meaning partaking in Lords supper, Prayer, being together, had eve ry thing in common, selling their possessions and giving to the needy, glad and sincere, and praise God. The immediate effect of the Koinonia among the early Christians was that the other people came to know of this and filled with awe favoring the believers and the Church began to grow as God was adding the new converts. 37 Romans 55 38 Owen C. Thomas p 265 It is not out of context to quote a famous Tamil Evangelist, N.Jeevanandam regarding the Christian fellowship. fleck he was giving a message on Christian unity and love, narrated a vision that he had. While he was praying, he in his vision, was taken to Hell by an angel. There he saw all in pandemonium. There was a dining table and there were food available on it. People surrounded the dining table and were very hungry and desirous of eating. But they were unable to eat as their hands were stiff and they could not take the food to their mouth. After struggling for roughly time they got vigorous and started cursing each other for their plight, accusing one another and were hitting each other.There was utter pandemonium. At the next vision, the angel took him to Heaven. He was taken to a dining room, and the dining table was full of eatables. People came to the dining table and they were all in joy full mood, and started praising God. On tight looking on them, the evangelist found out that these people also could not bend their elbow. But they all started to eat, praising God. They started feeding one another with their stiff hands with out any difficulty, patting each other. They all cooperated with each other, there was happiness and praising.The message is simple- by helping others one fulfills the Royal law, love your neighbor as your self 39. The new law of love cares for one another, honors, accepts, serves, and encourages others. God, as a father wants His children to live at peace and harmony with each other. St Paul Teaches in his epistles, If you have any encouragement from being united with C hrist, if any comfort from his love, if any fellowship with the Spirit, if any tenderness and compassion, then make my joy complete by being like-minded, having the same love, being one in spirit and purpose.Do nothing out of selfish ambition or vain conceit, but in humility watch others intermit than yourselves. 4Each of you should look not only to your own interests, but also to the interests of others. Your attitude should be the same as that of Christ Jesus. (Philippians 21-5) __________________ 39 James 2 8 Biblical rationale for small stems We have seen the Church is a Spiritual entity and God is the author of it, it is catholic-means universal, and invisible. The local Christian assemblies, big or small, are all part of the Spiritual Church.God only knows who all part of the Church are. The one and only qualification needed on the part of the believer to be a part of this Church is faith in Jesus the shed blood of Jesus Christ effecting Justification by faith. Salvation i s free and is of the Grace of God. Having justified freely, the believer gratefully obeys the Lord, and is in spiritual union with the Savior, participating with Christ and fellow believers in carrying out the will of God, with the ultimate goal of glorifying God.The chief end of Koinonia is the gloriole God, through worship acceptable and work fruitful. As long as these criteria are met, there is no problem with the size of the congregation, whether big or small. There is often difficulty on the part of one Church group in practicing Koinonia with another group, because of doctrinal differences. It is human to cast doubt about other side. It takes maturity to understand and acknowledge other groups. We find a beautiful example in the life of Moses. The people of Israel were murmuring and complaining against God and Moses.Moses was much grieved and he prayed to God that he can not take the burden of leading the people single handed and wanted God to take him away. But God told Mos es to gather 70 elders so that he will put the Spirit on them and so did Moses. God sent the Spirit to all the seventy elders and when the Spirit came, all of them prophesied. But of the seventy, two elders Eldad and Medad were not in the company of Moses but were in the camp and they had also prophesied. Coming to know of this, Joshua asked Moses to double back them. Moses replied, ar you jealous for my sake?I wish that all the LORDs people were prophets and that the LORD would put his Spirit on them 40 Here we see a beautiful example of drawing cardship, magnanimity and tolerance on the part of Moses. Joshua, out of loyalty towards Moses, wanted others, who are not in the company of Moses, to be derecognized. But Moses wants all the people to be prophets like him whether they are in his company or not. We see another similar instance in New Testament. John tried to stop another man who was driving out demons in the Name of Jesus, reasoning that he is not of their company.But J esus said, Do not stop him, for whoever is not against you is for you. 42 Group loyalties should give way to loyalty towards God. Koinonia should be manifested universally, with out any local loyalty. Heresy and Cults. Another aspect we have to consider regarding small groups is the Doctrinal Purity. Through out the church history, one can find heretical movements. There is a danger of pay offment of heretical tendencies in small groups. , distorting the Gospel message as taught by Christ and Apostles.The leaders of the small groups may demo novel doctrines by giving false interpretations of the Bible passages, even to the extent of denying the Lord who has bought them with his blood. The modus operandi of these leaders is to break in novelty to attract more people. Their motive is aggrandizing themselves. This problem is existing even from N. T. period. Jesus and the Apostles have warned of these people. 43 Numbers 1129 42 Luke 949,50 43 Mt 245, 11,24 Acts 2040 Rom 16 17,18 2 Pe ter 21-3 1 Tim 63-5 Examples of heretics of early Church are, Montanists, Arians, and Gnostics. advance(a) day heresy is Jehovah Witness. Cults. Small groups may initially exhibit much cohesiveness and have very close knit fellowship, attracting its members to its fold. The members will be totally loyal to the group leader even surpassing loyalty to Christ. These small groups, if with out communion with other Christian communities, may develop into a close circuit community with secret doctrines and dealings. The leader of the cult will exert out right control over the members of the group, almost enslaving them, indoctrinating them, and leading them astray- away from the true doctrine.The leader may even assume superhuman postures, demanding and accepting allegiance more than that is given to Christ who has shed his blood, bought and redeemed them. therefore the group will lose its Christian character and outlook, the members will backslide, losing the grace and Joy of Salvation and get separated from the fold of Christ. A few examples of the past decades are, 1). Sun Moon group of South Korea, 2). Jim Jones group of United States of America, and 3) Paul Asir Laurie group of India.So it is always safe and advisable for the small groups to have some form of communion with the established major Church groups. Summary Koinonia fellowship is a divine attribute, a divine creation, and it is alien to carnal human mind. Koinonia is possible only with the participation of Godhead- the Triune God- God the Father, God the Son and God the Holy Spirit, and any show of fellow ship with out Gods presence is only hypocritical exhibit, concealing the selfish human attribute. Koinonia as manifested in the early church is Gods plan for carrying out his will taking the message of Salvation to all mankind.Koinonia exists in the Church and God is present among his people in the Church- The Church Universal, mystic, spiritual the body of Christ. The prerequisites of membershi p in the universal Church for humans are Justification by faith in Jesus, cleansing of sins by the blood of Christ, and sanctification by Holy Spirit. The love of God is shed abroad in the hearts of members by Holy Spirit and this is the bond of fellowship- Koinonia. The local church groups, big or small, are all part of the universal church.The visible signs of Koinonia in Church groups are the joyful worship of the Triune God and fellowship with partaking of Holy Eucharist, love and concern for one another, Joy of sharing and caring, helping and lifting the weak, honest and transparent dealing with one another, partaking in the joys and tribulations of one another, taking care of others needs, encouraging one another, and considering others better than oneself. BIBLIOGRAPHY Thomas, Owen C. Introduction to Christian Theology. Delhi ISPCK, 2000. The NIV Study Bible, The Zondervan Corporation, 1985 Unger, Merrill F. Ungers Bible Dictionary. Chicago Moody press, 1983,